For example, Dell XPS 15 Laptop utilizes a 12ᵗʰ Gen Intel® Core™ i9-12900HK as its core Central Processing Unit (CPU). These two transformerswork together, amongst many other passive components, to take a wide range of ‘dirty’ input AC power and convert it into ‘clean,’ well-filtered DC output voltages used to charge an iPhone.Ī modern personal computer consists of billions of transistors. As a result, nearly every modern electronic device consists of at least one transistor, if not millions of them.įor example, a standard Apple iPhone charging adapter consists of a single high-frequency MOSFET switching transistor and a single flyback transformer. They are the foundation of integrated circuits (IC), microchips, microprocessors, FPGAs, memory chips, electronic switches, power supplies, and much more. Transistors are used in nearly all modern electronics. For example, standard silicon-based metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETS) require 1000mm*Rds(on) at a 5V gate voltage and a 200 drain-to-source voltage, while Galium Nitride semiconductors only need 60mm*Rds(on) at the same voltages (a 16x reduction). Various modern configurations allow different primary and secondary voltages to be applied to these leads, which is often a function of the semiconductor materials used. When a small electrical signal is applied to the gate of the transistor, the larger primary electrical signal is permitted through the drain. Modern transistors consist of three electrical leads: the source, the drain, and the gate. Transistors regulate or control current or voltage flow on a microscopic level. In its simplest form, a transistor is a tiny, semiconductor-based switch that functions like a standard light switch. This article examines the history of transistors and highlights the importance of transistor technology in the modern world. When these lists are compiled, one invention often gets overlooked: the invention of the transistor.
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